The principle structure of a root is very visible with a seedling
The central branch of a root-structure is the primary-root, which drills itself into the ground right after germinating. When the primary root has taken a strong hold and water supplies have been secured, the first leaves may be directed towards the light to achieve photosynthesis.
Roots give the plant stability
The roots hold a plant down in the ground, or other substance. They have the specific structure needed for this job. Both the guiding and the supportive parts of root form the axial strain. This helps the plant achieve great flexibility, as well as a good cable-structure. It also enlarges the available root surface.
Then side-roots sprout from the primary root, increasing it’s surface and stability. All roots grow in one direction, enabling the out-growing hair-roots to anchor into the soil.
Root-growth, and the short-life span of the hair vessels
A root mostly grows at it’s tip. Close up to the newly formed cells is the root-unit, which controls the new-cell build up: a regular little root-factory. This production unit (meristem), moves forward along with it’s growth. Behind these tips, the newly formed cells are stretched out (cell-stretching). This part is followed by the hair-region, which is only a small part of the whole root. Still, the latter is the only part where water and nutrients are taken in.
Because roots continuously grow at the tip, the root-hair region shifts along with it. In effect, this means the hairs have to be built up and broken down every few days.
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